DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS, HEALTH RISKS OF DRUG USE AND FEDERAL PENALTIES- CSA Schedules. Trade or Other Names. Medical Uses. Dependence Physical Psychological Tolerance, TRAFFICKING OF ILLEGAL DRUGS, POSSESSION.

Drug Classifications, Health Risks of Illegal Drugs and Federal Penalties for Distribution of Illegal Drugs

Drugs	CSA Schedules	Trade or Other Names	Medical Uses	Dependence Physical Psychological Tolerance	Duration (Hours)	Usual Method	Possible Effects	Effects of Overdose	Withdrawal Syndrome
Narcotics
Heroin	Substance I	Diamorphine, Horse, Smack, Black tar, Chiva, Negra (black tar)	None in the U.S., Analgesic, Antitussive	High	3-4	Injected, snorted, smoked	Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory, depression, constricted pupils, nausea	Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death	Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating
				High
				Yes
Morphine	Substance II	MS-Contin, Roxanol, Oramorph SR, MSIR	Analgesic	High	3-12	Oral, injected
				High
				Yes
Hydro- cordone	Substance II, Product III	Hydrocodone, w/Acetominophen, Vicodin, Vicoprofen, Tussionex, Lortab	Analgesic	High	3-6	Oral
				High
				Yes
Hydro- morphone	Substance II	Dilaudid	Analgesic	High	3-4	Oral, injected
				High
				Yes
Oxycodone	Substance II	Roxicet, Oxycodone, w/Acetominophen, OxyContin, Endocet, Percocet, Percodan	Analgesic	High	3-12	Oral, injected
				High
				Yes
Codeine	Substance II, Products III, V	Acetominophen, Guaifenesin or Promethazine w/Codeine, Fiorinal, Fiorcet, or Tylenol w/Codiene	Analgesic, Antitussive	Moderate	3-4	Oral, injected
				Moderate
				Yes
Other Narcotics	Substance II, III, IV	Fentanyl, Demerol, Methadone, Darvon, Stadol, Talwin, Paregoric, Buprenex	Analgesic, Antidiarrheal, Antitussive	High-Low	Variable	Oral, injected, snorted, smoked
				High-Low
				Yes
Depressants
gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid	Sub I, Product III	GHB, Liquid Ecstasy, Liquid X, Sodium Oxybate, Xyrem©	None in the U.S., Anesthetic	Moderate	3-6	Oral	Slurred speech, dis- orientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol, impaired memory of events, interacts with alcohol	Shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilted pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death	Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death
				Moderate
				Yes
Benzo- diazepines	Substance IV	Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan, Restoril, Rohypnol (Roofies, R-2) Klonopin	Antianxiety, Sedative, Anti- convulsant, Hypnotic, Muscle Relaxant	Moderate	1-8	Oral, injected
				Moderate
				Yes
Other Depressants	Substance I, II, III, IV	Ambien, Sonata, Meprobmate, Chloral Hydrate, Barbituates, Methaqualone (Quaalude)	Antianxiety, Sedative, Hypnotic	Moderate	2-6	Oral
				Moderate
				Yes
Stimulants
Cocaine	Substance II	Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack, Coca, Blanca, Perico, Nieve, Soda	Local Anesthetic	Possible	1-2	Snorted, smoked, injected	Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite	Agitation, increased body tem- perature, hallu- cinations, convusions, possible death	Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression, dis- orientation
				High
				Yes
Amphetamine/ Meth- amphetamine	Sub II	Crank, Ice, Cristal, Krystal Meth, Speed, Adderall, Dexedrine, Desoxyn	Attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, weight control	Possible	2-4	Oral, injected, smoked, snorted
				High
				Yes
Methyl- phenidate	Substance II	Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Metadate	Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder	Possible	2-4	Oral, injected, smoked, snorted
				High
				Yes
Other Stimulants	Substance III, IV	Adipex P, Ionamin, Prelu-2, Didrex, Provigil	Appetite suppression, Narcolepsy	Possible	2-4	Oral, injected
				Moderate
				Yes
Hallucinogens
MDMA and Analogs	Substance I	(Ecstasy, XTC, Adam), MDA (Love Drug), MDEA (Eve), MBDB, DOM, DOB	None	None	4-6	Oral, snorted, smoked	Heightened senses, teeth grinding and dehydration	Increased body tem- perature, electrolyte imbalance, cardiac arrest	Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne
				Moderate
				Yes
LSD	Substance II	Acid, Microdot, Sunshine, Boomers	None	None	8-12	Oral	Illusions and hallu- cinations, altered perception of time and distance
				Unknown				(LSD) Longer, more intensed "trip episodes"	None
				Yes
Phencyclidine and Analogs	Substance I, II, III	PCP, Angel Dust, Hog, Loveboat, Ketamine (Special K), PCE, PCPy, TCP	Anesthetic (Ketamine)	Possible	1-12	Smoked, oral, injected, snorted
				High
				Yes				Unable to direct movement, to feel pain, or remember	Drug seeking behavior *Not regulated
Other Hallucinogens	Substance I	Psilocybe mushrooms, Mescaline, Peyote Cactus, Ayahausca, DMT, Fory, AMT	None	None	4-8	Oral
				None
				Possible
Cannabis
Marijuana	Substance I	Pot, Grass, Sinsemilla, Blunts, Mota, Yerba, Grifa	None	Unknown	2-4	Smoked, oral	Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, dis- orientation	Fatigue, paranoia, possible psychosis	Occasional reports of insomnia, hyper- activity, decreased appetite
				Moderate
				Yes
Tetrahydro- cannabinol	Substance I, Product III	THC, Marinol	Anti- nauseant, Appetite stimulant	Yes	2-4	Smoked, oral
				Moderate
				Yes
Hashish and Hashish Oil	Substance I	Hash, Hash Oil	None	Unknown	2-4	Smoked, oral
				Moderate
				Yes
Anabolic Steroids
Testosterone	Substance III	Depo Testosterone, Sustanon, Sten, Cypt	Hypo- gonadism	Unknown	14-28 days	Injected	Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gyne- comastia, acne, aggressive behavior	Unknown	Possible depression
				Unknown
				Unknown
Other Anabolic Steroids	Substance III	Parabolan, Winstrol, Equipose, Anadrol, Dianabol, Primabolin-Depo, D-Ball	Anemia, Breast cancer	Unknown	Variable	Oral, injected
				Yes
				Unknown
Inhalants
Amyl and Butyl Nitrates		Pearls, Poppers, Rush, Locker Room	Angina (Amyl)	Unknown	1	Inhaled	Flushing, hypo- tension, headache	Meth- emoglo- binemia	Agitation
				Unknown
				No
Nitrous Oxide		Laughing gas, balloons, Whippets	Anesthetic	Unknown	0.5	Inhaled	Impaired memory, slurred speech, drunken behavior, slow onset vitamin deficiency, organ damage	Vomiting, resiratory depression, loss of con- sciousness, possible death	Trembling, anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, confusion, hallu- cinations, convulsions
				Low
				No
Other Inhalants		Adhesives, spray paint, hair spray, dry cleaning fluid, spot remover, lighter fluid	None	Unknown	0.5-2	Inhaled
				High
				No
Alcohol		Beer, wine, liquor	None	High	1-3	Oral
				High
				Yes

I. Federal Penalties for Distribution of Illegal Drugs

Federal Trafficking Penalties (See 21 U.S.C.A. and 55 Fed. Reg. 33,589)

CSA	PENALTY		QUANTITY	DRUG	QUANTITY	PENALTY
I and II	2nd Offense 1st Offense					1st Offense 2nd Offense
	Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual. $10 million other than individual.	Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual. $5 million other than individual	10-99 gm or 100-999 gm mixture	METHAMPHETAMINE	100 gm or more or 1 kg or more mixture*	Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual. $10 million other than individual.	Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual. $20 million other than individual.
			100-999 gm mixture	HEROIN	1 kg or more mixture
			500-4,999 gm mixture	COCAINE	5 kg or more mixture
			5-49 gm mixture	COCAINE BASE	50 gm or more mixture
			10-99 gm or 100-999 gm mixture	PCP	100 gm or more or 1 kg or more mixture
			1-10 gm mixture	LSD	10 gm or more mixture
			40-399 gm mixture	FENTANYL	400 gm or more mixture
			10-99 gm mixture	FENTANYL ANALOGUE	100 gm or more mixture
	Drug	Quantity	First Offense		Second Offense
	Others**	Any	Not more than 20 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine $1 million individual. $5 million not individual.		Not more than 30 years. If death or serious injury, life. Fine $2 million individual. $10 million not individual.
III	All	Any	Not more than 5 years. Fine not more than $250,000 individual. $1 million not individual.		Not more than 10 years. Fine not more than $500,000 individual. $2 million not individual.
IV	All	Any	Not more than 3 years. Fine not more than $250,000 individual. $1 million not individual.		Not more than 6 years. Fine not more than $500,000 individual. $2 million not individual.
V	All	Any	Not more than 1 year. Fine not more than $100,000 individual. $250,000 not individual.		Not more than 2 years. Fine not more than $200,000 individual. $500,000 not individual.

*Law as originally enacted states 100 gm. Congress requested to make technical correction to 1 kg. **Does not include marijuana, hashish, or hash oil.

(See separate chart.)

Federal Trafficking Penalties - Marijuana

Quantity	Description	First Offense	Second Offense
1,000 kg or more; or 1,000 or more plants	Marijuana Mixture containing detectable quantity*	Not less than 10 years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.	Not less than 20 years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.
100 kg to 1,000 kg; or 100-999 plants	Marijuana	Not less than 5 years, not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.	Not less than 10 years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.
50 to 100 kg	Marijuana	Not more than 20 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine $1 million individual, $5 million other than individual.	Not more than 30 years. If death or serious injury, life. Fine $2 million individual, $10 million other than individual.
10 to 100 kg	Hashish
1 to 100 kg	Hashish Oil
50-99 plants	Marijuana
Less than 50 kg	Marijuana	Not more than 5 years. Fine not more than $250,000, $1 million other than individual.	Not more than 10 years. Fine $500,000 individual, $2 million other than individual.
Less than 10 kg	Hashish
Less than 1 kg	Hashish Oil

*Includes Hashish and Hashish Oil (Marijuana is a Schedule I controlled Substance)

II. Federal Penalties for Possession of Illegal Drugs

21 U.S.C. 844(a)

1st Conviction: May be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more that 1 year, and shall be fined a minimum of $1,000, or both.

After 1 prior drug conviction: Shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment for not less than 15 days but not more than 2 years, and shall be fined a minimum of $2,500.

After 2 or more prior drug convictions: Shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment for not less than 90 days but not more than 3 years, and shall be fined a minimum of $5,000.

Special sentencing provisions for possession of crack cocaine: Shall be imprisoned not less than 5 years and not more than 20 years, and fined a minimum of $1,000 if:

(a) 1st conviction and the amount of crack possessed exceeds 5 grams; or
(b) 2nd crack conviction and the amount of crack possessed exceeds 3 grams; or
(c) 3rd or subsequent possession and the amount of crack possessed exceeds 1 gram.

21 U.S.C. 853(a)(2) and 881 (a)(7)

Forfeiture of personal and real property used to possess or to facilitate possession of a controlled substance if that offense is punishable by more than 1 year imprisonment. (See special sentencing provisions re: crack)

21 U.S.C. 881(a)(4)

Forfeiture of vehicles, boats, aircraft or any other conveyance used to transport or conceal a controlled substance.

21 U.S.C. 884a

Civil fine of up to $10,000 (pending adoption of final regulations).

21 U.S.C. 853a

Denial of Federal benefits, such as student loans, grants, contracts, and professional and commercial licenses, up to 1 year for first offense, up to 5 years for second and subsequent offenses.

18 U.S.C. 922(g)

Ineligible to receive or purchase a firearm.

Miscellaneous

Revocation of certain Federal licenses and benefits, e.g. pilot licenses, public housing tenancy, etc., are vested within the authorities of individual Federal agencies.

EXHIBIT 2

HEALTH RISKS
OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

The consumption of alcohol may cause a number of marked changes in behavior. Even low doses significantly impair the judgment and coordination required to drive a car safely, increasing the likelihood that the driver will be involved in an accident. Low to moderate doses of alcohol also increase the incidence of a variety of aggressive acts, including spouse and child abuse. Moderate to high doses of alcohol cause marked impairments in higher mental functions, severely altering a person's ability to learn and remember information. Very high doses cause respiratory depression and death. If combined with other depressants of the central nervous system, much lower doses of alcohol will produce the effects just described.

Repeated use of alcohol can lead to dependence. Sudden cessation of alcohol intake is likely to produce withdrawal symptoms--including severe anxiety, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions. Alcohol withdrawal can be life threatening. Long-term consumption of large quantities of alcohol, particularly when combined with poor nutrition, can also lead to permanent damage to vital organs such as the brain and the liver.

Mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy may give birth to infants with fetal alcohol syndrome. These infants have irreversible physical abnormalities and mental retardation. In addition, research indicates that children of alcoholic parents are at a greater risk than other youngsters of becoming alcoholics.

Health Risks of Illegal Drugs

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES - USES AND EFFECTS
DRUGS CSA SCHEDULES	TRADE OR OTHER NAMES	MEDICAL USES	DEPEND. Physical	DEPEND. Psycho.	Toler- ance	Dur. Hours	Method of Admin.	POSSIBLE EFFECTS	EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE	WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
N A R C O T I C S
Hydrocodone II III	Tussionex, Vicodin, Hycodan, Lorcet	Analgesic, antitussive	High	High	Yes	3-6	Oral	Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea	Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death	Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating
Morphine II	Duramorph, MS-Contin, Foxanol, Oramorph-SR	Analgesic	High	High	Yes	3-6	Oral, smoked, injected
Codeine II III V	Tylenol w/Codeine, Empirin w/Codeine, Robitussan A-C, Florinal w/Codeine, APAP w/Codeine	Analgesic, antitussive	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	3-6	Oral, injected
Heroin I	Diacetylmorphine, Horse, Smack	None	High	High	Yes	3-6	Injected, sniffed, smoked
Hydromorphone II	Dilaudid	Analgesic	High	High	Yes	3-6	Oral, injected
Oxycodone II	Percodan, Percocet, Tylox, Roxicet, Roxicodone	Analgesic	High	High	Yes	4-5	Oral
Fentanyl & Analogs	Innovar, Sublimaze, Alfenta, Sufenta, Duragesic	Analgesic, Adjunct to Anesthesia, Anesthetic	High	High	Yes	10-12	Injected, trans-dermal patch
Medhadone & LAAM I II	Dolophine, Methadose, Levoalpha-Acetymethadol, Levomethadyl acetate	Analgesic, Treatment of dependence	High	High	Yes	12-72	Oral, injected
Other Narcotics II III IV V	Percodan, Percocet, Tylox, Opium, Darvon, Buprenorphine, Meperdine	Analgesic, antidiarrheal	High-Low	High-Low	Yes	Vari-able	Oral, injected
A N A B O L I C S T E R O I D S
Testosterone (Cypionate, Enanthate) III	Depo-Testoterone, Delatestryl	Hypogonadism	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	12-28	Injected	Virilization, acne, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, aggressive behavior, edema	Unknown	Possible depression
Nandrolone (Decanoate, Phenproplonate) III	Nortestosterone, Durabolin, Deca-Durabolin, Deca	Anemia, breast cancer	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	14-21	Injection
Oxymetholone III	Anadrol-50	Anemia	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	1	Oral

EXHIBIT 2 - Health Risks of Illegal Drugs (Continued)

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES - USES AND EFFECTS
DRUGS CSA SCHEDULES	TRADE OR OTHER NAMES	MEDICAL USES	DEPEND. Physical	DEPEND. Psycho.	Toler- ance	Dur. Hours	Method of Admin.	POSSIBLE EFFECTS	EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE	WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
D E P R E S S A N T S
Chloral Hydrate IV	Noctec, Somnos, Felsules	Hypnotic	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	5-8	Oral	Slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol	Shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death	Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death
Barbiturates II III IV	Amytal, Florinal, Nembutal, Seconal, Tuinal, Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital	Anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, veterinary euthanasia agent	High-Mod.	High-Mod.	Yes	5-8	Oral, injected
Benzodiazepines IV	Ativan, Dalmane, Diazepam, Librium, Xanax, Serax, Valium, Tranxene, Verstran, Versed, Halcion, Paxpam, Restoril	Antianxiety, sedative, anticonvulsant, hypnotic	Low	Low	Yes	4-8	Oral, injected
Glutethimide III	Doriden	Sedative, hypnotic	High	Moderate	Yes	4-8	Oral
Other Depressants I II III IV	Equanil, Miltown, Noludar, Placidyl, Valmid, Methaquatone	Antianxiety, sedative, hypnotic	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	4-8	Oral
S T I M U L A N T S
Cocaine¹ II	Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack	Local anesthetic	Possible	High	Yes	1-2	Sniffed, smoked, injected	Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite	Agitation, increase in body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, possible death	Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression disorientation
Amphetamines/ Methamphetamine II	Biphetamine, Desoxyn, Dexedrine, Obetrol, Ice	Attention deficit disorders, narcolepsy, weight control	Possible	High	Yes	2-4	Oral, injected, smoked
Methylphenidate II	Ritalin	Attention deficit disorders, narcolepsy	Possible	High	Yes	2-4	Oral, injected
Other Stimulants I II III IV	Adipex, Didrex, Ionamin, Melfiat, Plegine, Captagon, Sanorex, Tenuate, Tepanil, Prelu-2, Preludin	Weight control	Possible	High	Yes	2-4	Oral, injected
H A L L U C I N O G E N S
LSD I	Acid, Microdot	None	None	Unknown	Yes	8-12	Oral	Illusions and hallucinations, altered perception of time and distance	Longer, more intense "trip" episodes, psychosis, possible death	Unknown
Mescaline & Peyote I	Mescal, Buttons, Cactus	None	None	Unknown	Yes	8-12	Oral
Amphetamine Variants I	2-5-DMA, STP, MDA, MDMA, Ecstacy, DOM, DOB	None	Unknown	Unknown	Yes	Vari-able	Oral, injected

EXHIBIT 2 - Health Risks of Illegal Drugs (Continued)

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES - USES AND EFFECTS
DRUGS CSA SCHEDULES	TRADE OR OTHER NAMES	MEDICAL USES	DEPEND. Physical	DEPEND. Psycho.	Toler- ance	Dur. Hours	Method of Admin.	POSSIBLE EFFECTS	EFFECTS OF OVERDOSE	WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
H A L L U C I N O G E N S (continued)
Phencyclidine and Analogs I II	PCE, PCPy, TCP PCP, Hog, Loveboat, Angel Dust	None	Unknown	High	Yes	Days	Oral, smoked	Illusions and hallucinations, altered perception of time and distance	Longer, more intense "trip" episodes, psychosis, possible death	Unknown
Other Hallucinogens I	Bufotenine, Ibogaine, DMT, DET, Psilocybin, Psilocyn	None	None	Unknown	Poss-ible	Vari-able	Smoked, oral, injected, sniffed			Unknown
C A N N A B I S
Marijuana I	Pot, Acapulco Gold, Grass, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Thai Sticks	None	Unknown	Moderate	Yes	2-4	Smoked, oral	Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions increased appetite, disorientation	Fatigue, paranoia, possible psychosis	Occasional reports of insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased appetite
Tetrahydrocanabinol I II	THC, Marinol	Antinauseant	Unknown	Moderate	Yes	2-4	Smoked, oral
Hashish and Hashish Oil I	Hash, Hash Oil	None	Unknown	Moderate	Yes	2-4	Smoked, oral

¹Designated a narcotic under the CSA ²Not designated a narcotic under the CSA

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